{"cvss":7.8,"datePublished":"2026-05-28T10:16:27.080","dateUpdated":"2026-09-15T12:17:49.593","description":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nxfrm: defensively unhash xfrm_state lists in __xfrm_state_delete\n\nKASAN reproduces a slab-use-after-free in __xfrm_state_delete()'s\nhlist_del_rcu calls under syzkaller load on linux-6.12.y stable\n(reproduced on 6.12.47, also reachable via the same code path on\ntorvalds/master and on the ipsec tree). Nine unique signatures cluster\nin the xfrm_state lifecycle, the load-bearing one being:\n\n  BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in __hlist_del include/linux/list.h:990 [inline]\n  BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in hlist_del_rcu include/linux/rculist.h:516 [inline]\n  BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in __xfrm_state_delete net/xfrm/xfrm_state.c\n  Write of size 8 at addr ffff8881198bcb70 by task kworker/u8:9/435\n\n  Workqueue: netns cleanup_net\n  Call Trace:\n   __hlist_del / hlist_del_rcu\n   __xfrm_state_delete\n   xfrm_state_delete\n   xfrm_state_flush\n   xfrm_state_fini\n   ops_exit_list\n   cleanup_net\n\nThe other observed signatures hit the same slab object from\n__xfrm_state_lookup, xfrm_alloc_spi, __xfrm_state_insert and an OOB\nwrite variant of __xfrm_state_delete, all on the byseq/byspi\nhash chains.\n\n__xfrm_state_delete() guards its byseq and byspi unhashes with\nvalue-based predicates:\n\n\tif (x->km.seq)\n\t\thlist_del_rcu(&x->byseq);\n\tif (x->id.spi)\n\t\thlist_del_rcu(&x->byspi);\n\nwhile everywhere else in the file (e.g. state_cache, state_cache_input)\nthe safer hlist_unhashed() check is used. xfrm_alloc_spi() sets\nx->id.spi = newspi inside xfrm_state_lock and then immediately inserts\ninto byspi, but a path that observes x->id.spi != 0 outside of\nxfrm_state_lock can still skip-or-hit the byspi unhash inconsistently\nwith whether x is actually on the list. The same holds for x->km.seq\nversus byseq, and the bydst/bysrc unhashes have no predicate at all,\nso a second __xfrm_state_delete() on the same object writes through\nLIST_POISON pprev.\n\nThe defensive change here:\n\n  - Use hlist_del_init_rcu() instead of hlist_del_rcu() on bydst,\n    bysrc, byseq and byspi so a second deletion is a no-op rather\n    than a write through LIST_POISON pprev. The byseq/byspi nodes\n    are already initialised in xfrm_state_alloc().\n  - Test hlist_unhashed() rather than the value predicate for\n    byseq/byspi, so the unhash decision tracks list state rather than\n    mutable scalar fields.\n\nEmpirical verification: applied this patch on top of v6.12.47, rebuilt,\nand re-ran the same syzkaller harness for 1h16m on a previously-crashy\nconfiguration that produced ~100 hits each of slab-use-after-free\nRead in xfrm_alloc_spi / Read in __xfrm_state_lookup / Write in\n__xfrm_state_delete. After the patch, 7.1M execs across 32 VMs at\n~1550 exec/sec produced zero xfrm_state UAF/OOB hits. /proc/slabinfo\nconfirms the xfrm_state slab is actively allocated and freed during\nthe run (~143 KiB resident), so the fuzzer is still exercising those\ncode paths -- they just no longer crash.\n\nReproduction:\n\n  - Linux 6.12.47 x86_64 + KASAN_GENERIC + KASAN_INLINE + KCOV\n  - syzkaller @ 746545b8b1e4c3a128db8652b340d3df90ce61db\n  - 32 QEMU/KVM VMs x 2 vCPU on AWS c5.metal bare metal\n  - 9 unique signatures collected in ~9h, all within xfrm_state\n    lifecycle","id":"CVE-2026-46116","raw":{"affected":[{"affectedData":[{"defaultStatus":"unaffected","product":"Linux","programFiles":["net/xfrm/xfrm_state.c"],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","vendor":"Linux","versions":[{"lessThan":"6b4dc3181b4bfc5f5fc33ab33b1dc6e15759f4b6","status":"affected","version":"7b4dc3600e4877178ba94c7fbf7e520421378aa6","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"3943fcad7694a7d0b15aeabe7d3cc2a2eb8e92e8","status":"affected","version":"7b4dc3600e4877178ba94c7fbf7e520421378aa6","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"2c617848ae6e4f07a3e397f604208c293bbecacc","status":"affected","version":"7b4dc3600e4877178ba94c7fbf7e520421378aa6","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"b4a53add2fa8f1b5aa17d4c5686c320785fab182","status":"affected","version":"7b4dc3600e4877178ba94c7fbf7e520421378aa6","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"26edb0a3c99f9d958c212be68b21f1221614dcf0","status":"affected","version":"7b4dc3600e4877178ba94c7fbf7e520421378aa6","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"4980162de555cb838f1a189ce7d2cbf5d2e7b050","status":"affected","version":"7b4dc3600e4877178ba94c7fbf7e520421378aa6","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"a2e2d08fb070fab4947447171f1c4e3ca5a188e5","status":"affected","version":"7b4dc3600e4877178ba94c7fbf7e520421378aa6","versionType":"git"},{"lessThan":"14acf9652e5690de3c7486c6db5fb8dafd0a32a3","status":"affected","version":"7b4dc3600e4877178ba94c7fbf7e520421378aa6","versionType":"git"}]},{"defaultStatus":"affected","product":"Linux","programFiles":["net/xfrm/xfrm_state.c"],"repo":"https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git","vendor":"Linux","versions":[{"status":"affected","version":"2.6.19"},{"lessThan":"2.6.19","status":"unaffected","version":"0","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"5.10.*","status":"unaffected","version":"5.10.261","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"5.15.*","status":"unaffected","version":"5.15.210","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"6.1.*","status":"unaffected","version":"6.1.176","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"6.6.*","status":"unaffected","version":"6.6.140","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"6.12.*","status":"unaffected","version":"6.12.88","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"6.18.*","status":"unaffected","version":"6.18.30","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"7.0.*","status":"unaffected","version":"7.0.7","versionType":"semver"},{"lessThanOrEqual":"*","status":"unaffected","version":"7.1","versionType":"original_commit_for_fix"}]}],"source":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67"},{"affectedData":[{"collectionURL":"https://access.redhat.com/downloads/content/package-browser/","cpes":["cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:10.2"],"defaultStatus":"affected","packageName":"kernel","product":"Red 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the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nxfrm: defensively unhash xfrm_state lists in __xfrm_state_delete\n\nKASAN reproduces a slab-use-after-free in __xfrm_state_delete()'s\nhlist_del_rcu calls under syzkaller load on linux-6.12.y stable\n(reproduced on 6.12.47, also reachable via the same code path on\ntorvalds/master and on the ipsec tree). Nine unique signatures cluster\nin the xfrm_state lifecycle, the load-bearing one being:\n\n  BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in __hlist_del include/linux/list.h:990 [inline]\n  BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in hlist_del_rcu include/linux/rculist.h:516 [inline]\n  BUG: KASAN: slab-use-after-free in __xfrm_state_delete net/xfrm/xfrm_state.c\n  Write of size 8 at addr ffff8881198bcb70 by task kworker/u8:9/435\n\n  Workqueue: netns cleanup_net\n  Call Trace:\n   __hlist_del / hlist_del_rcu\n   __xfrm_state_delete\n   xfrm_state_delete\n   xfrm_state_flush\n   xfrm_state_fini\n   ops_exit_list\n   cleanup_net\n\nThe other observed signatures hit the same slab object from\n__xfrm_state_lookup, xfrm_alloc_spi, __xfrm_state_insert and an OOB\nwrite variant of __xfrm_state_delete, all on the byseq/byspi\nhash chains.\n\n__xfrm_state_delete() guards its byseq and byspi unhashes with\nvalue-based predicates:\n\n\tif (x->km.seq)\n\t\thlist_del_rcu(&x->byseq);\n\tif (x->id.spi)\n\t\thlist_del_rcu(&x->byspi);\n\nwhile everywhere else in the file (e.g. state_cache, state_cache_input)\nthe safer hlist_unhashed() check is used. xfrm_alloc_spi() sets\nx->id.spi = newspi inside xfrm_state_lock and then immediately inserts\ninto byspi, but a path that observes x->id.spi != 0 outside of\nxfrm_state_lock can still skip-or-hit the byspi unhash inconsistently\nwith whether x is actually on the list. The same holds for x->km.seq\nversus byseq, and the bydst/bysrc unhashes have no predicate at all,\nso a second __xfrm_state_delete() on the same object writes through\nLIST_POISON pprev.\n\nThe defensive change here:\n\n  - Use hlist_del_init_rcu() instead of hlist_del_rcu() on bydst,\n    bysrc, byseq and byspi so a second deletion is a no-op rather\n    than a write through LIST_POISON pprev. The byseq/byspi nodes\n    are already initialised in xfrm_state_alloc().\n  - Test hlist_unhashed() rather than the value predicate for\n    byseq/byspi, so the unhash decision tracks list state rather than\n    mutable scalar fields.\n\nEmpirical verification: applied this patch on top of v6.12.47, rebuilt,\nand re-ran the same syzkaller harness for 1h16m on a previously-crashy\nconfiguration that produced ~100 hits each of slab-use-after-free\nRead in xfrm_alloc_spi / Read in __xfrm_state_lookup / Write in\n__xfrm_state_delete. After the patch, 7.1M execs across 32 VMs at\n~1550 exec/sec produced zero xfrm_state UAF/OOB hits. /proc/slabinfo\nconfirms the xfrm_state slab is actively allocated and freed during\nthe run (~143 KiB resident), so the fuzzer is still exercising those\ncode paths -- they just no longer crash.\n\nReproduction:\n\n  - Linux 6.12.47 x86_64 + KASAN_GENERIC + KASAN_INLINE + KCOV\n  - syzkaller @ 746545b8b1e4c3a128db8652b340d3df90ce61db\n  - 32 QEMU/KVM VMs x 2 vCPU on AWS c5.metal bare metal\n  - 9 unique signatures collected in ~9h, all within xfrm_state\n    lifecycle"}],"id":"CVE-2026-46116","lastModified":"2026-09-15T12:17:49.593","metrics":{"cvssMetricV31":[{"cvssData":{"attackComplexity":"LOW","attackVector":"LOCAL","availabilityImpact":"HIGH","baseScore":7.8,"baseSeverity":"HIGH","confidentialityImpact":"HIGH","integrityImpact":"HIGH","privilegesRequired":"LOW","scope":"UNCHANGED","userInteraction":"NONE","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","version":"3.1"},"exploitabilityScore":1.8,"impactScore":5.9,"source":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","type":"Secondary"},{"cvssData":{"attackComplexity":"HIGH","attackVector":"LOCAL","availabilityImpact":"HIGH","baseScore":7.0,"baseSeverity":"HIGH","confidentialityImpact":"HIGH","integrityImpact":"HIGH","privilegesRequired":"LOW","scope":"UNCHANGED","userInteraction":"NONE","vectorString":"CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H","version":"3.1"},"exploitabilityScore":1.0,"impactScore":5.9,"source":"0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c","type":"Secondary"}]},"published":"2026-05-28T10:16:27.080","references":[{"source":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":["Patch"],"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/14acf9652e5690de3c7486c6db5fb8dafd0a32a3"},{"source":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":["Patch"],"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/26edb0a3c99f9d958c212be68b21f1221614dcf0"},{"source":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":["Patch"],"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/2c617848ae6e4f07a3e397f604208c293bbecacc"},{"source":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":["Patch"],"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3943fcad7694a7d0b15aeabe7d3cc2a2eb8e92e8"},{"source":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":["Patch"],"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4980162de555cb838f1a189ce7d2cbf5d2e7b050"},{"source":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6b4dc3181b4bfc5f5fc33ab33b1dc6e15759f4b6"},{"source":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":["Patch"],"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/a2e2d08fb070fab4947447171f1c4e3ca5a188e5"},{"source":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d67","tags":["Patch"],"url":"https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b4a53add2fa8f1b5aa17d4c5686c320785fab182"},{"source":"0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c","url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:36018"},{"source":"0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c","url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:39179"},{"source":"0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c","url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:39180"},{"source":"0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c","url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:39371"},{"source":"0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c","url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:41234"},{"source":"0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c","url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:41235"},{"source":"0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c","url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:42919"},{"source":"0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c","url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:43231"},{"source":"0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c","url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:44385"},{"source":"0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c","url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:47632"},{"source":"0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c","url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:47633"},{"source":"0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c","url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:47739"},{"source":"0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c","url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:47869"},{"source":"0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c","url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:49033"},{"source":"0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c","url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:59142"},{"source":"0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c","url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:59143"},{"source":"0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c","url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:59145"},{"source":"0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c","url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:59146"},{"source":"0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c","url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:59147"},{"source":"0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c","url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:59148"},{"source":"0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c","url":"https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:59149"},{"source":"0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c","url":"https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-46116"},{"source":"0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c","url":"https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2482523"},{"source":"0b142b55-0307-4c5a-b3c9-f314f3fb7c5e","url":"https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-019113.html"},{"source":"0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c","url":"https://security.access.redhat.com/data/csaf/v2/vex/2026/cve-2026-46116.json"}],"sourceIdentifier":"416baaa9-dc9f-4396-8d5f-8c081fb06d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Analysis","weaknesses":[{"description":[{"lang":"en","value":"CWE-416"}],"source":"nvd@nist.gov","type":"Primary"},{"description":[{"lang":"en","value":"CWE-763"}],"source":"0b0ca135-0b70-47e7-9f44-1890c2a1c46c","type":"Secondary"}]},"severity":"HIGH","source":"nvd","title":"In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:\n\nxfrm: defensively unhash xfrm_state lists in __x..."}